I started this as a comment, but
That answer by waffles on meta.SO ins't very clear, here's the best I can figure out from the other answers and Sam's answer here about "if 1 of 3...":
You get 30 votes for sure.
You might get 10 more votes, depending on how many of your first 30 votes are on questions.
This next part is a bit hazy, hasn't been answered clearly. It looks like if you cast 10 question votes before you get to 25 total votes, you'll get the extra 10 votes. Or maybe, based on Sam's answer, if you get to 30 votes and at all times have cast 33% of your votes on questions, you'll get the extra 10.
If you're close, but slightly under that 1 in 3 ratio, you might get less than 10 bonus votes. Once the system has decided you've got only 5 votes left, you can't "earn" any more bonus votes by voting on questions.
Arg, whatever, it's apparently too complicated to summarize based on incomplete information. We all get between 30 and 40 votes depending on how many of the first 30 are on questions. Good enough.
I guess that means the new badge stays in place, too.
Note: That "SE New Features" page/question on meta.SO hasn't been updated yet.