It doesn't seem to accrue reputation points for the recipient, so I wonder if it does anything more than increment a score for the comment itself?
3 Answers
Nope, that's all it does. No rep is gained for upvoting. Well, ok it is used in a badge calculation, but that's about it.
It is also a way to agree with a comment rather than saying "OMFGWTFBBQ! I like ponies too!" (or the equivalent).
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6Upvoting basically means you agree or significantly approve of the content of a comment. There's no way to disagree with a comment, hence the lack of reputation possibilities attached to comments.– Chris SCommented Dec 19, 2010 at 6:00